Insolvent? Bankrupt?

When is one considered “insolvent”?

In today’s economic conditions, many people have lost their jobs, homes, and health coverage.  Even the most diligent bill payers can find themselves in financial jeopardy.  When you are unable to pay your debts as they come due, you are considered “insolvent”.  Creditors may begin proceedings to foreclose or repossess property or seek to garnish your wages.  Filing a bankruptcy case can help you get a fresh financial start, stopping bill collectors, and getting you back on a more secure financial path.

If you are considering filing for bankruptcy protection, you should learn about your options. For most people, personal bankruptcies are filed under either Chapter 7 (liquidation) or Chapter 13 (payment plan).  A Chapter 7 is the most common type of bankruptcy chapter for personal debts.  In a Chapter 7 case, a trustee is appointed to liquidate your non-exempt assets to pay your creditors. If you receive a Chapter 7 discharge, you will get rid of most unsecured consumer debts.  If you have secured debt (a debt secured by a lien on your personal or real property), such debts may “pass through” your Chapter 7 case, and secured creditors may still seek to repossess or foreclose on those debts after your bankruptcy.  You must also financially qualify to receive a chapter 7 discharge. Bankruptcy courts use a “means test.” The Chapter 7 means test is a complex formula based on your pre-bankruptcy assets, income, which is applied to determine whether or not you have enough money or non exempt assets available to make some payment to your creditors.

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Second Mortgage Debt and Lien Stripping

In today’s economy, your mortgage debt can be an overwhelming expense. For those with first and second mortgage loans, you can try to negotiate with your lenders.  However, loan modifications can be slow and there is no guarantee that your proposed home loan modification will be approved by your lenders, leaving you in a deeper financial hole.  Bankruptcy may be the best option to get you back into strong financial shape – and get your mortgage debt reduced too.

A bankruptcy can help you settle a second mortgage debt. In either a Chapter 13 or Chapter 11 plan, you may be able to eliminate a second mortgage if it is wholly unsecured.  What does it mean to be “wholly unsecured”?  When the value of your home is equal to or less than what you owe on your first mortgage, your second mortgage is considered wholly unsecured.  For example, assume you have a $300,000 first mortgage and a $100,000 second mortgage.  The current value of your home is $250,000. The second mortgage is wholly unsecured because the value of the home does not exceed the first mortgage lien.  Because of the upheaval in financial and real estate markets, it may be likely that your second mortgage is wholly unsecured.  If there is a third mortgage on the property, you may also be able to eliminate that lien on the same “wholly unsecured” basis described for second mortgages.  This bankruptcy process is commonly referred to as “lien stripping” and can save you hundreds of thousands of dollars!

 

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